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Leaf-miner: Mine irregularly linear, whitish green normally adjoining margin of leaf, when old brownish (Spencer, 1972b: 89 (fig. 304), 92; Spencer, 1976: 461, 463 (fig. 808).

An upper-surface, strongly widening corridor, often following the leaf margin for some distance, with much blackish green, deliquescent frass in its centre. Pupation outside the mine; exit slit in upper epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Mine irregularly linear, whitish green normally adjoining margin of leaf, when old brownish (British leafminers).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is described by de Meijere (1926), Allen (1957b) and illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Shining black; posterior spiracles each with 24-28 bulbs of bulbs or bulbs (Spencer, 1976: 461; British leafminers).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Apiaceae
Aegopodium				Robbins, 1991: 65
Aegopodium				British leafminers
Aegopodium	podagraria	Ground-elder		British leafminers
Aegopodium	podagraria	Ground-elder		Mines in BMNH
Aegopodium	podagraria	Ground-elder		Spencer, 1972b: 120
Aegopodium	podagraria	Ground-elder		Bland, 1992

Hosts elsewhere:

Apiaceae
Aegopodium	podagraria	Ground-elder		Mines in BMNH
Aegopodium	podagraria	Ground-elder		Spencer, 1976: 461
Aegopodium	podagraria	Ground-elder		Bland, 1994
Aegopodium	podagraria	Ground-elder		Spencer, 1990: 167
Aegopodium	podagraria	Ground-elder		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: January, May-November.

Time of year - adults: August-October.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Common, at least in south (Spencer, 1972b: 92). Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland, 1992), Rum (Bland in Whiteley, 1994), Warwickshire (Coventry and Tile Hill) (Robbins, 1991: 65); Caernarvonshire, Cumberland, East Norfolk, East Ross, Easterness, Edinburgh, Main Argyll, North Wiltshire, Nottinghamshire, Shropshire and Surrey (NBN Atlas).

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Wexford (Rosslare) (Spencer, 1972b: 92).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 461), The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 574), Belgium, Estonia, ? French mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Lithuania, Madeira, Poland and Spanish mainland (Fauna Europaea).

Range extending eastwards to the northern Kirghiz Republic of the [former] U.S.S.R. (Spencer, 1976: 461).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: