Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Peucedanum

1a > Leaf-miner: A narrow linear mine which can develop into a secondary blotch (Spencer, 1976: 517).

Upper-surface mine in the tip of a leaf segment in primary corridor, but quickly turning into secondary blotch within the limited space of the leaf segment. The mine begins in the very tip of the segment, this initial section later becomes unrecognisable. Frass in fine granules. Pupation outside the mine.

On Peucedanum in Britain and Peucedanum and Selinum elsewhere. Recorded as new to Britain by Irwin (1985: 103). Known from East Norfolk. Widespread in continental Europe.

Phytomyza thysselini Hendel, 1923 [Diptera: Agromyzidae].

1b > Leaf miner: A regular greenish inter-parenchymal blotch mine, frequently delimited by two veins, appearing somewhat mottled as a result of small deeper areas of feeding through the upper parenchyma (Spencer, 1972b: 78 (fig. 259); Spencer, 1976: 428, 429 (fig. 748).

The mine starts with a quite inconspicuous lower-surface corridor that soon changes into an extensive interparenchymatous blotch. The upper cell layer of the palisade parenchyma is eaten away in many places, giving the mine in transparency a perforated appearance. Fresh mines are pale green, later they turn brown; they give the leaves a strikingly diseased impression. Feeding lines absent, frass grains strikingly few. Larvae solitary. Pupation outside the mine, exit slit in lower epidermis.

Forms a blotch mine between two veins, having a characteristic sieve-like appearance (where the larva has fed through the upper parenchyma). Pupation outside the mine..

On Heracleum, but not yet on Peucedanum, in Britain and this and other Apiaceae elsewhere including Heracleum in Britain. Widespread in Britain and continental Europe. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland.

Phytomyza heracleana Hering, 1937 [Diptera: Agromyzidae].

1c > Leaf-miner: A small regular blotch, which can be enlarged when several larvae feed together (Spencer, 1972b: 105 (fig. 360, putative mine on Pimpinella saxifraga), 466; Spencer, 1976: 465 (fig. 816, mine on Peucedanum oreoselinum).

Roundish, upper-surface blotch, about 1 cm in diameter. No trace of a preceding corridor. Frass in coarse grains. Pupation outside the mine; exit slit in upper epidermis.

Possibly on Pimpinella, but not yet on Peucedanum, in Britain. On Peucedanum and Pimpinella elsewhere. Possibly York, Berwicks and Warwick in Britain. Widespread in continental Europe.

Phytomyza pauliloewii Hendel, 1920 [Diptera: Agromyzidae].

1d > Leaf-miner: The larvae are often gregarious and feed on the underside of the leaf causing a 'windowing' effect as they eat the mesophyll and lower epidermis. This effect can be seen from the top of the leaf as it discolours. Short, small, irregular, sometimes widened corridor. Mostly a number in a leaf, concentrated in the axils of the midrib and the primary side veins. Each larva makes a number of mines. Often the larva protrudes with its rear end out of the mine, causing most frass to be ejected. While moving, at the leaf underside, silken threads are produced, in wich grains of frass may be trapped. Older larvae live free and cause window feeding, often in a group under a light spinning.

Polyphagous. On Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus sylvestris, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium and Heracleum sativa, but not yet on Peucedanum, in Britain.

On Aegopodium podagraria, Angelica archangelica subsp. litoralis, Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus caucalis, Anthriscus cerefolium, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Berula erecta, Carum carvi, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Chaerophyllum temulum, Cicuta virosa, Conium maculatum, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Levisticum officinale, Oenanthe, Pastinaca sativa, Peucedanum, Pimpinella saxifraga, Seseli libanotis, Silaum, Sium latifolium, Sison amomum and Torilis elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and continental Europe.

Epermenia chaerophyllella (Goeze, 1783) [Lepidoptera: Epermeniidae].