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Leaf-miner: Blotch clouded, with some green matter left in mine. Several larvae (2-4) in one mine (British leafminers).

Large full depth blotch, adjacent to the leaf margin. The mine is not completely eaten out, which gives it a greenish or off-white appearance. Frass in threads, that seem to be somewhat shorter than in other Eriocrania's. The mine harbours 2-4 strikingly hyaline larvae. Pupation in the ground. Older mines wither and wear off; in summer no trace of them is left (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The mine is also illustrated in UKMoths.

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

Small, translucent white (British leafminers).

The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

Adults: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Betulaceae
Betula				Belgian Lepidoptera
Betula	pubescens	Downy Birch		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: May (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: The adults fly around the foodplants during April, but are not often seen (UKMoths).

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Distributed throughout much of mainland Britain (UKMoths) including Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Cardiganshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Durham, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, East Sutherland, East Sutherland, Glamorgan, Hertfordshire, Huntongdonshire, Isle of Wight, Leicestershire, Mid-west Yorkshire, Middlesex, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire, South Hampshire, South Wiltshire, Stafford, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN Atlas).

See also British leafminers distribution map.

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - North and South, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and The Netherlands (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:

Belgian Lepidoptera
Biodiversity Heritage Library
Bladmineerders van Europa
British leafminers
Encyclopedia of Life
Fauna Europaea
NBN Atlas
NHM UK Checklist
UKMoths