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Leaf-miner: Small lower-surface tentiform mine, c. 15 mm long. Most mines lie close to the leaf margin or in a leaf lobe, and are almost covered then by the leaf margin that is folded over them. Lower epidermis with many, very fine, folds. Pupa in the mine in a large, flimsy cocoon in a corner of the mine, attached only to the roof of the mine; most frass heaped in the opposite corner (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Mine of Phyllonorycter kuhlweiniella on Quercus robur Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa)

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

The cremaster with two pairs of short, broad spines. Those of the outer pair are curved outwards, those of the inner pair are somewhat smaller and bent inwards. The pupa differs from the one of Phyllonorycter heegeriella by the frontal appendage (the triangular nose at the front/upper side) that has a warty surface. Described by Gregor and Patocka (2001a), Patocka and Turcani (2005a) (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Fagaceae
Quercus
Quercus	petraea	Sessile Oak		Belgian Lepidoptera
Quercus	petraea	Sessile Oak		Bladmineerders van Europa
Quercus	pubescens	Downy Oak		Belgian Lepidoptera
Quercus	pubescens	Downy Oak		Bladmineerders van Europa
Quercus	robur	Pedunculate Oak		Belgian Lepidoptera
Quercus	robur	Pedunculate Oak		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: July and September-October (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including Bedfordshire, Denbighshire, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, Hertfordshire, West Norfolk and West Suffolk (NBN Atlas). See also British leafminers distribution map.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Macedonia, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia - Central and South, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, The Netherlands and Ukraine. Also recorded in Near East (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.