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Leaf-miner: The mine is long and narrow, tubular, caused by strong contraction. The lower epidermis with several strong creases (British leafminers).

Long, lower-surface tubular tentiform mine between two lateral veins, in many cases from midrib to leaf margin. Lower epidermis with several long folds close together. Pupa light brown, in tough brown papery coccoon that is attached to the lower epidermis. All frass in a mass in one corner of the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

The mine is also illustrated in UKMoths.

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

The head and pronotum of the larva are illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Phyllonorycter tristrigella larva, dorsal Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa)

Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

The cremaster is illustrated in British leafminers and Bladmineerders van Europa.

Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Ulmaceae
Ulmus				British leafminers
Ulmus				UKMoths
Ulmus	glabra	Wych Elm		Pitkin & Plant
Ulmus	procera	English Elm		Pitkin & Plant
Ulmus	pumila x japonica			Pitkin & Plant

Hosts elsewhere:

Ulmaceae
Ulmus				Belgian Lepidoptera
Ulmus	glabra	Wych Elm		Belgian Lepidoptera
Ulmus	glabra	Wych Elm		Bladmineerders van Europa
Ulmus	x hollandica	Dutch Elm		Bladmineerders van Europa
Ulmus	laevis	European White-elm		Belgian Lepidoptera
Ulmus	laevis	European White-elm		Bladmineerders van Europa
Ulmus	minor	Small Leaved Elm		Belgian Lepidoptera
Ulmus	minor	Small Leaved Elm		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: July, September - October (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Two generations, adults at large during May and again in August (UKMoths).

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Relatively common in mainland Britain northwards to southern Scotland (UKMoths) including Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Cardiganshire, Cheshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Dumfriesshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, Flintshire, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Kirkudbrightshire, Leicestershire, Linlithgow, Merionethshire, Middlesex, North Devon, North Essex, North Hampshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset, Northamptonshire, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire, Shropshire, South Lancashire, South Northumberland, South Somerset, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk and Worcestershire (NBN Atlas).

See also British leafminers distribution map.

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Moldova, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central and Northwest, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Ukraine (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: