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Leaf-miner: The initial gallery has frass in an interupted black line (British leafminers).

Egg usually at the upperside of the leaf. The mine is a long, strongly vein-determined corridor. In the first part the frass lies in a rather narrow, often interrupted central line; further on the frass line is broader and more diffuse. Frequently more than one mine in a leaf (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Mines of Stigmella pretiosa on Geum Image: © Duncan Williams (British leafminers)

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

Yellow; described by Gustafsson and van Nieukerken (1990a) (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Rosaceae
Geum				British leafminers
Geum				Pitkin & Plant
Geum				UKMoths
Geum	rivale	Water Avens		British leafminers
Geum	rivale	Water Avens		UKMoths
Rubus				Pitkin & Plant
Rubus	fruticosus	Bramble / Blackberry		British leafminers
Rubus	fruticosus	Bramble / Blackberry		UKMoths

Hosts elsewhere:

Rosaceae
Geum	montanum			Bladmineerders van Europa
Geum	rivale	Water Avens		Bladmineerders van Europa
Geum	urbanum	Wood Avens		Bladmineerders van Europa
Rubus	caesius	Dewberry		Bladmineerders van Europa
Rubus	fruticosus	Bramble / Blackberry		Bladmineerders van Europa
Rubus	idaeus	Raspberry		Bladmineerders van Europa
Rubus	macrophyllus	A bramble		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: September-November (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Discovered in Scotland in 1990. It occurs at least as low as 50m in damp, shady riparian Birch and Alder woodland in Sutherland (British leafminers). Dumfrieshire (NBN Atlas).

See also British leafminers distribution map.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: