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Leaf-miner: The initial gallery is narrow and is filled with red-brown coiled frass. It then turns abruptly to form a blotch with a thin line of blackish frass, which may be coiled or irregular (British leafminers).

Egg mostly at the underside of the leaf, generally close to the leaf margin, sometimes on the petiole. The mine begins as a corridor that usually follows the leaf margin. The frass here is warm brown in colour and is indistinctly coiled. After a moult the larva starts making an elongate blotch; generally its direction is opposite to that of the initial corridor (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

The larva is yellow with a pale brown head (British leafminers; Emmet, 1983a; Gustafsson and van Nieukerken, 1990a; Bladmineerders van Europa).

Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

Adult: The adult is not illustrated in UKMoths (check for update). The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Rosaceae
Crataegus				Belgian Lepidoptera
Crataegus	laevigata	Midland Hawthorn		Bladmineerders van Europa
Crataegus	monogyna	Hawthorn		Bladmineerders van Europa
Mespilus	germanica	Medlar		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: August - November (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Middlesex, North Essex, North Hampshire, North Somerset, Northamptonshire, Shropshire, South Wiltshire, Stafford, West Norfolk, West Suffolk and Worcestershire (NBN Atlas).

See also British leafminers distribution map.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Corsica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Ukraine. Also recorded in East Palaearctic (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: