Leaf-miner: Larvae usually gregarious. Early mine an epidermal gallery leading
to a contorted blotch with black frass. Subsequently two successive
cones formed by folding the tip of a leaf downwards (British
leafminers, as Caloptilia syringella).
Often,
many leaves on a single bush turn brown and curl up with the mines.
The species can be a pest in gardens (UKMoths).
The
mine begins at a row of eggs along the midrib. The emerging larvae
form relatively broad, inconspicuous, lower-surface corridor. Subsequently
a large, grey brown or greenish brown, very opaque upper-surface
blotch is made, occupied by ten or more larvae. The mine makes the
leaf somewhat bumpy, but the leaf does not fold around the mine,
like in Caloptilia cuculipennella.
After some time the larvae leave the mine and continue feeding,
still comunnally, in a downwards rolled leaf (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva is illustrated in UKMoths
and Bladmineerders van Europa.
Watch a video of a gracillarid larva feeding.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
The pupa is illustrated in British
leafminers.
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths and the Encyclopedia
of Life. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: June, August-September (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: The adults fly in May and again in July, and
can be very common indeed where the mines are to be found (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: A common species throughout
Britain (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Ayrshire, Banffshire, Bedfordshire, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire,
Cambridgeshire, Carmarthenshire, Cheshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, East Cornwall,
East Gloucestershire, East Norfolk, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sussex, East Sutherland, Easterness, Edinburgh, Elgin, Flintshire, Forfar, Glamorgan,
Haddington, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Man, Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Leicestershire, Linlithgow,
Main Argyll, Merionethshire, Mid-west Yorkshire, Middlesex, Monmouthshire, Montgomeryshire, North Aberdeenshire, North Devon, North Ebudes, North Hampshire, North Lincolnshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset, North Wiltshire,
Nottinghamshire, Orkney, Outer Hebrides, Pembrokeshire, Radnorshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Devon,
South Hampshire, South Lancashire, South Northumberland, South Wiltshire,
South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Stirlingshire, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Cornwall, West Gloucestershire, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Ross, West Suffolk, West Sussex, Westerness, Wetmorland, Wigtownshire, Worcester and Shetland (NBN
Atlas), the Channel Is. (Fauna Europaea).
See also British
leafminers distribution map (as Caloptilia syringella).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (Fauna Europaea).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Danish mainland, Dodecanese
Is., Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Italian
mainland, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic
of Moldova, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central,
East, Northwest and South, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Ukraine
and Yugoslavia. Also recorded in the Near East and Nearctic Region
(Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Forsythia
x intermedia, Forsythia
suspensa, Fraxinus
americana, Fraxinus
excelsior, Fraxinus
ornus, Jasminum
nudiflorum, Jasminum
officinale, Ligustrum
ovalifolium, Ligustrum
vulgare, Phillyrea
latifolia, Symphoricarpos
albus,
Syringa
vulgaris |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Asecodes erxias (Walker, 1848) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Closterocerus
trifasciatus Westwood, 1833 |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cirrospilus
diallus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Cirrospilus
vittatus Walker, 1838 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Elachertus artaeus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sympiesis dolichogaster Ashmead, 1888 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Earinus elator (Fabricius, 1804) |
Braconidae: Agathidinae |
Bracon abbreviator Nees, 1834 |
Braconidae: Braconinae |
Ascogaster rufidens Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Cheloninae |
Apanteles obscurus (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Dolichogenidea candidata (Haliday, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Dolichogenidea dilecta (Haliday, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Glyptapanteles lateralis (Haliday, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor bicolor (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor circumscriptus (Nees, 1834) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Pholetesor
viminetorum (Wesmael, 1837) |
Braconidae: Microgastrinae |
Rhysipolis meditator (Haliday, 1836) |
Braconidae: Rhysipolinae |
Clypeoplex cerophagus (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Campoplex continuus (Thomson, 1887) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Campoplex pyraustae Smith, 1931 |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Diadegma stigmatellae Horstmann, 1980 |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Hyposoter leucomerus (Thomson, 1887) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Leptocampoplex cremastoides (Holmgren, 1860) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Porizon transfuga (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae |
Encrateola laevigata (Ratzeburg, 1848) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Gelis areator (Panzer, 1804) |
Ichneumonidae: Cryptinae |
Triclistus podagricus (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Metopinae |
Scambus calobatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
Scambus inanis (Schrank, 1802) |
Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae |
|