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Leaf-miner: The initial mine expands to form a full depth blotch. It resembles Phyllonorycter tenerella, but has a mottled lower surface. It then forms two folds (British leafminers).

Small, angular, full depth blotch, often in a vein axil. Lower, in the end also upper, epidermis brown. The larva deposits some silk in the mine, but the quantity is so low that the mine remains practicaly flat. Later the larva leaves the mine and continues feeding within a downfolded leaf margin or leaf tip (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

Described by Emmet (1987a). Pronotum with four black spots (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

Adult: The adult is not illustrated in UKMoths (check for update). The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Betulaceae
Carpinus	betulus	Hornbeam		British leafminers
Carpinus	betulus	Hornbeam		Pitkin & Plant

Hosts elsewhere:

Aceraceae
Acer	platanoides	Norway Maple		Bladmineerders van Europa
Acer	pseudoplatanus	Sycamore		Bladmineerders van Europa
Betulaceae
Carpinus	betulus	Hornbeam
Carpinus	betulus	Hornbeam		Bladmineerders van Europa
Carpinus	orientalis			Bladmineerders van Europa
Ostrya	carpinifolia			Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: June-July, September-October (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: South-east England including East Kent, East Sussex, Hertfordshire and North Essex (NBN Atlas).

See also British leafminers distribution map.

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia - Central, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Ukraine (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.