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Leaf-miner: The mine is usually underside, often twisting leaf into a cone (British leafminers). The mines can be quite abundant where it is found (UKMoths).

Lower surface tentiform mine between leaf margin and midrib; the mine contracts diagonally, causing the leaf to roll transversely or into a pepper box (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).

Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).

The cremaster is illustrated in British leafminers and Bladmineerders van Europa.

Adult: The adult is illustrated in UKMoths and the Encyclopedia of Life. The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Caprifoliaceae
Leycesteria				British leafminers
Leycesteria				UKMoths
Leycesteria	formosa	Himalayan Honeysuckle		Pitkin & Plant
Lonicera				British leafminers
Lonicera				UKMoths
Lonicera	periclymenum	Honeysuckle		Pitkin & Plant
Symphoricarpos				British leafminers
Symphoricarpos				UKMoths
Symphoricarpos	albus	Snowberry		Emmet, Watkinson and Wilson, 1985a
Symphoricarpos	rivularis			Pitkin & Plant

Hosts elsewhere:

Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera	alpigena			Bladmineerders van Europa
Lonicera	caprifolium	Perfoliate Honeysuckle		Bladmineerders van Europa
Lonicera	etrusca			Bladmineerders van Europa
Lonicera	nigra			Bladmineerders van Europa
Lonicera	periclymenum	Honeysuckle		Belgian Lepidoptera
Lonicera	periclymenum	Honeysuckle		Bladmineerders van Europa
Lonicera	xylosteum	Fly Honeysuckle		Bladmineerders van Europa
Symphoricarpos	albus	Snowberry		Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - larvae: March - April, July - August, October (British leafminers).

Time of year - adults: Unusual among Phyllonorycter species in having three generations, with adults on the wing in November, as well as the usual May and August periods (UKMoths).

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: A common and widespread species throughout the British Isles (UKMoths) including Anglesey, Bedfordshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Carmarthenshire, Denbighshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Norfolk, East Suffolk, East Sussex, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Isle of Wight, Merionethshire, Mid-west Yorkshire, Middlesex, North Devon, North Hampshire, North Lincolnshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset, North Wiltshire, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South Devon, South Hampshire, South Northumberland, Stafford, Surrey, Warwickshire, West Cornwall, West Kent, West Lancashire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN Atlas).

See also British leafminers distribution map.

Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (Fauna Europaea and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria, Belgium, Corsica, Danish mainland, Dodecanese Is., French mainland, Germany, Italian mainland, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Russia - Central, Sardinia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland and The Netherlands (Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: