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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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TELEKIA.
Yellow Oxeye. [Asteraceae]
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Only
one introduced species of Telekia is recorded in Britain,
Yellow Oxeye (T. speciosa).
Three British miners are recorded on Telekia.
A key to the European miners recorded on Telekia is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa.
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Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Telekia
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1a > Leaf-miner: A distinctive mine primarily above mid-rib, with irregular short
lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation external (Spencer, 1972:
51 (fig. 172), 55; Spencer, 1976:
270, 271 (fig. 486)).
Branched,
whitish, upper-surface corridor; main axis overlying the midrib;
side branches overlying the main lateral veins. (In Campanula and Phyteuma the mine is much less branched, sometimes nothing
more than a corridor on top of the midrib). Frass in rather long
strings. Usually the mines begins as a long and narrow, shallow,
tortuous lower-surface corridor that ends upon the midrib but otherwise
is not associated with the leaf venation. Often this initial corridor
is filled with callus, and then even less conspicuous. Pupation
outside the mine.
A
linear mine on the upper surface, usually following the midrib and
showing side branches along the veins. The frass is in strings. |
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Liriomyza strigata larva, lateral
Image: © Willem Ellis (Bladmineerders van Europa)
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Polyphagous. On more than 40 host genera in 15 families, but not yet on Telekia,
in Britain and elsewhere. Widespread throughout Britain. Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland. Widespread in continental
Europe.
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Liriomyza
strigata (Meigen, 1830) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b > Leaf-miner: Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal,
at the end of the mine with the anterior spiracles projecting through
the epidermis (Spencer, 1976:
433). Upper-surface,
less often lower-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation
within the mine, in a, usually lower-surface, pupal chamber. A long whitish upper surface corridor, which eventually goes lower surface. |
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Two
highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable
mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae (Hardy) and horticola (Goureau) which can only be distinguished by the male genitalia. Both species are widespread in Britain and elsewhere, although syngenesiae is almost entirely restricted to Asteraceae. Records on Asteraceae not based on examination of male genitalia are treated in this account as Chromatomyia 'atricornis'.
Chromatomyia atricornis is recorded on Telekia elsewhere but not yet on Telekia in Britain.
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Chromatomyia
horticola (Goureau, 1851) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]
OR
Chromatomyia
syngenesiae Hardy, 1849 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1c >
Leaf miner: An
irregularly linear mine which can be both on the upper and lower
leaf surface. Pupation takes place either at the end of the mine
in an exit slit cut in the leaf or on the ground (Spencer, 1972b: 70 (fig. 226), 73; Spencer,
1976: 407 (fig. 712), 408).
Upper
surface corridor, often following the midrib for some distance.
Frequently the very first part of the mine is lower-surface, and
sometimes the entire mine remains at the lower surface. The corridor
is wide from the start, with irregular sides. Frass initially in
two rows of fine grains; further on the grains become larger and
more irregular, sometimes forming pearl chains, and are dispersed
less regularly. Pupation takes place either outside or within the
mine. When the larva has left the mine a semicircular exit slit
is made. When the puparium is formed within the mine the spiracles
do not penetrate the epidermis, and an irregular semicircular opening
is made in the epidermis in front of the puparium.
Mines down the leaf from the tip, then doubles back and then mines towards the apex, often doubling back a second time, towards the leaf base. |
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On Inula and Pulicaria, but not yet on Telekia, in Britain and additional genera
of Asteraceae elsewhere. Widespread in Britain. Also recorded
in the Republic of Ireland. Widespread in continental Europe and
particularly common in the Mediterranean area
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Phytomyza
conyzae Hendel, 1920 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
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