Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Tragopogon
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1a > Stem miner: An external stem mine with frass in two rows of disconnected strips.
Pupation in stem at end of mine (Spencer, 1972b: 25; Spencer, 1976:
61 (fig. 63B), 65-6). |
Polyphagous. On Campanula, Jasione, Phyteuma [Campanulaceae], Crepis, Hypochaeris and Lapsana [Asteraceae], but not yet on Tragopogon,
in Britain and additional genera of both families elsewhere. Uncommon
in Britain - recorded in London, Warwick and Cambridge. Uncommon
but Widespread in continental Europe.
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Ophiomyia
heringi Stary, 1930 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b > Leaf-miner |
2 |
2a> Leaf-miner: Green, later brownish corridor or more often an elongated whitish
linear blotch overlying the midrib. The mine has short, irregular
side branches. Frass in irrgular, dispsersed grains. Pupation outside
the mine. |
On Tragopogon porrifolius and Tragopogon pratensis in Britain
and elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and elsewhere.
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Liriomyza
tragopogonis (Meijere, 1928) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
2b > Leaf-miner: Upper-surface, unusually short corridor (ca. 4 cm). Sometimes several
mines in a leaf. Pupation outside the mine. |
On Arrhenatherum and ? Tragopogon and possibly Agrostis in Britain and Arrhenatherum elsewhere. Widespread but not common in southern England. Also
recorded on in the Republic of Ireland and continental Europe.
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Liriomyza
pusio (Meigen, 1830) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
2c > Leaf-miner: A distinctive mine primarily above mid-rib, with irregular short
lateral offshoots into leaf blade. Pupation external (Spencer, 1972:
51 (fig. 172), 55; Spencer, 1976:
270, 271 (fig. 486)).
Branched,
whitish, upper-surface corridor; main axis overlying the midrib;
side branches overlying the main lateral veins. (In Campanula and Phyteuma the mine is much less branched, sometimes nothing
more than a corridor on top of the midrib). Frass in rather long
strings. Usually the mines begins as a long and narrow, shallow,
tortuous lower-surface corridor that ends upon the midrib but otherwise
is not associated with the leaf venation. Often this initial corridor
is filled with callus, and then even less conspicuous. Pupation
outside the mine.
A
linear mine on the upper surface, usually following the midrib and
showing side branches along the veins. The frass is in strings. |
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Polyphagous. On more than 40 host genera in 15 families, but not yet on Tragopogon, in Britain. Widespread
throughout Britain. Also recorded in the Republic of Ireland. Widespread in continental Europe.
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Liriomyza
strigata (Meigen, 1830) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
2d > Leaf-miner: Mine linear, whitish, both upper and lower surface. Pupation internal,
at the end of the mine with the anterior spiracles projecting through
the epidermis (Spencer, 1976:
433).
Upper-surface,
less often lower-surface corridor. Frass in isolated grains. Pupation
within the mine, usually in a lower-surface puparial chamber.
A long whitish upper surface corridor, which eventually goes lower surface. |
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Two
highly polyphagous species of Chromatomyia, with indistinguishable
mines, have been recorded in Britain. These are syngenesiae (Hardy) and horticola (Goureau) which can only be distinguished by the male genitalia. Both species are widespread in Britain and elsewhere, although syngenesiae is almost entirely restricted to Asteraceae. Records on Asteraceae not based on examination of male genitalia are treated in this account as Chromatomyia 'atricornis'.
Chromatomiya 'atricornis' is tentatively recorded on Iva elsewhere but not yet on Tragopogon in Britain.
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Chromatomyia
horticola (Goureau, 1851) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]
OR
Chromatomyia
syngenesiae Hardy, 1849 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |